Demonstrate the basic concepts related to the production, transformation and consumption of energy. Categorize their impact on the environment. Evaluate the ways to reduce their impact on the environment.

Student responsibilities:

Class attendance, consultations and preparation of planned tasks.

Grading and evaluation of student work over the course of instruction and at a final exam:

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to (learning outcomes):

1 . Define basic concepts related to energy consumption and production.

2 . Evaluate different energy transformations and calculate their impact on the environment.

3 . Analyse the basic characteristics of the greenhouse gas emissions trading system.

4 . Elaborate the difference in environmental impacts of power plants with the use of fossil fuels and with the use of alternative and / or renewable energy sources.

5 . Relate the Energy-Water connection in the utility sector.

6 . Interpret the Green Transition, i.e. predominantly linear into circular societies.

Lectures

1. Energy and society.

2. Basics of energy. Basic definitions and concepts related to energy.

3. Energy sources, primary energy sources (fossil fuels and renewable energy sources) and secondary energy sources (synthetic). Energy production and consumption in the Republic of Croatia, the EU and the world.

4. Energy transformations - thermal power plants and nuclear power plants.

5. Energy transformations - renewable energy sources. Material resources crucial for energy transition and their environmental component (lithium, nickel, cobalt...).

6. Energy and industry. Energy and transport. Energy and households and services.

7. Sustainable development and energy. EU objectives and legislative framework. Economic mechanisms of environmental protection in energy. Greenhouse gas emissions trading system.

8. Preliminary exam

9. Earth's energy balance - model. Global warming and climate change. Acidification of the environment with strong acids, acidification with carbon dioxide.

10. Power plants - use of fossil fuels - overview of emissions into the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere, inventory of greenhouse gas emissions.

11. Power plants with alternative and renewable energy sources - overview of emissions into the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere, inventory of greenhouse gas emissions.

12. Municipal sector - ENERGY-WATER relationship - wastewater, municipal sludge, centralized vs decentralized solutions, energymaterial consideration.

13. GREEN TRANSITION - transformations of predominantly linear into circular societies: Biomass as a direct and indirect source of energy and matter (humus, nutrients) and as a carbon sink; Recyclable substances (waste) - comparison of direct and indirect energy content

14. Transport (transport energy) and environment - impact of fossil fuels, impact of renewable sources, smart solutions for public urban transport, ballast water and emissions in maritime transport.

15. Regulations - HR, EU, etc.; Environmental Impact Studies, LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) and LCE (Life Cycle Engineering) approach to energy evaluation and their impact on the environment.

Exercises

1. Basic terms and definitions examples and instructions for following exercises. (Exercises)

2. Energy - basic terms and definitions, selected examples and tasks. (Exercises)

3. Energy consumption in the Republic of Croatia by sectors. (Seminar)

4. Examples of fossil fuel and biofuel combustion process calculations. (Seminar)

5. Examples of energy efficiency improvements by sectors. (Seminar)

6. Analysing greenhouse gas savings of selected technology. (Seminar)

7. Greenhouse gas emissions trading system - calculation of greenhouse gas emissions. (Seminar)

8. Preliminary exam

9. Concentrations of substances in the atmosphere, photoprocesses (Exercises)

10. Precipitation, acidification, neutralization (Laboratory exercises)

11. Combustion emissions, calorific values of fuel (Exercises)

12. Moisture in fuel as an influential parameter in biofuels and fossil fuels (Laboratory exercises)

13. Concentrations of substances in water, changes in water properties due to emissions from energy facili ties (Exercises)

14. Catalytic reactions, photocatalysis, disinfection of wastewater and ballast water (Laboratory exercises)

15. Complete mass and energy balances, demonstration of the LCA approach to environmental impact assessment (Exercises)

Compulsory literature:

1. Sustainable Energy and Environment - An Earth System Approach, S.N. Kundu, M. Nawaz (ur.), Apple Academic Press, Oakvile, Palm Bay, 2020, p. 0-0

2. Environmental Chemistry - A Global Perspective, G.W. vanLoon, S.J. Duffy , Oxford University Press, New York, 2011, p. 0-0

3. Sustavno gospodarenje energijom i upravljanje utjecajima na okoliš u industriji, Z. Morvaj, D. Gvozdenac, Ž. Tomšić, Energetika marketing d.o.o., Zagreb, 2016, p. 0-0

Recommended literature:

4. Energy and The Environment - Scientific and Technological Principles, J.A. Fay, D.S. Golomb, Oxford University Press, 2011, p. 0-0