to introduce students with the potential of use waste and waste materials (which can not be recycled or otherwise used), and waste from agriculture and food production, or waste biomass (polluted), as fuel for the production of energy and other useful nus-products; 2. to present legislation regulating the waste management and treatment currently in force in the EU and the Republic of Croatia, as well as engineering methods, principles and technologies to recover energy from waste (and waste materials and waste biomass) but in the way that is considered ecologically acceptable (compliance with various directives such as the Waste Incineration Directive (WID), etc.); 3. to introduce students to various energy recovery technologies including combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, and anaerobic digestion, as well as various prime movers and components used by them (steam and gas turbines, gas engines, waste heat boilers, rotary kiln cements, reactors, combustion chambers); 4. analyze the production of bio-fuels from waste and the ways in which waste can be considered as a renewable resource; 5. compare various energy recovery technologies from the energy, ecological and economic aspects.

Student responsibilities:

Attending lectures and exercises, reading assigned material, homework assignments and seminars.

Grading and evaluation of student work over the course of instruction and at a final exam:

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to (learning outcomes):

1 . After successfully mastering a subject, the student will be able to compare different modes of energy recovery (including combustion, gasification, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion) as sources of energy, fuels and various utilizable by-products.

2 . Student will be able to analyse the basic physical and chemical processes on which the main energy recovery technologies are based; and therefore evaluate their potential as a source of useful energy.

3 . Student will be able to analyse the current legislation (in EU and RH) governing waste management and treatment, with a focus on the Waste Incineration Directive (WID) and other related acts regulating the emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere and the solid residues.

4 . The student will be able to critically evaluate the processes of obtaining energy from waste fuels from techno-economic, environmental and social aspects.

5 . The student will be able to identify and evaluate advanced and future (emerging) technologies and methods for energy recovery of waste (polygeneration), but will also be able to critically consider them compared to conventional technologies used today.

6 . The student will be able to calculate the available energy from samples of municipal and industrial waste, and based on their composition, condition and form to assess what would be the optimal combination of waste treatment techniques, while respecting all legal and economic restrictions.

Lectures

1. introduction - placing waste energy recovery in a hierarchical waste management context (energy recovery of only waste and non-recyclable waste or otherwise unused);

2. municipal waste as a fuel (definition); waste from agriculture and food production; other waste materials (waste-contaminated biomass, industrial waste, etc.);

3. the legislative framework governing the handling and processing of waste currently in force in the EU and the Republic of Croatia; engineering methods, principles and technologies that can recover energy from waste (and waste materials and waste biomass) but in a way that is considered ecologically acceptable; compliance with various directives (Waste Incineration Directive (WID) etc.);

4. energy valorisation of waste materials; embedded energy; lower calorific value; composition; physico-chemical characteristics;

5. review (and recapitulation) of different energy technologies including steam turbines (condensing and back pressure), gas turbines and internal combustion gas engines; basic types of combustion chambers (furnaces, grates) and waste heat recovery boilers, for use in the utilization of energy from waste;

6. preparation (and separation) of fuel for energy; waste handling equipment and operations; storage;

7. combustion of waste on the grate and in the fluidised bed;

8. pyrolysis and gasification (partial combustion and high-temperature plasma gasification);

9. anaerobic digestion and use of landfill gas for the purpose of energy production;

10. production of fuel derived from waste (RDF, SRF); MBT technology; use of fuel from waste as alternative fuels in rotary kilns (and calciners) in cement plants and industrial furnaces;

11. production of biofuels from waste and the ways when waste can be considered a renewable source;

12. getting acquainted with advanced and emerging technologies of energy recovery of waste; polygeneration (simultaneous production of energy, transport fuels, nutrients, chemicals, etc.);

13. ecological aspects of energy recovery; emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere (ordinances, regulations on emission limit values) and ways of reducing them; other environmental impacts (water, soil, odours); disposal of ash, sludge and other residues; useful by-products that appear in energy recovery;

14. equipment and procedures for cleaning flue gases in combustion and waste gasification; corrosion at waste-to-energy plants and ways of controlling it;

15. review of energy recovery facilities in the EU and in the world and their comparison (benchmarking); economic aspects.

Exercises

1. composition of municipal waste, mass balance; determination of the lower heating value of waste fuels;

2. determination of biogenic waste content (in which measure the waste can be considered as a renewable source);

3. characterization of the fuels from waste, RDF, SRF;

4. calculation of potential for generation of landfill gas; evolution curves;

5. calculation of energy potential of waste materials in a particular region;

6. mass and energy balance of the waste combustion process on the grate (incinerator); example of a plant;

7. mass and energy balance of the RDF/SRF use in a cement plant; example of a plant;

8. mass and energy balance of the RDF/SRF gasification; example of a plant;

9. examples of existing plants in the world;

10. comparison of different energy recovery technologies from energy and ecological aspects; assignment of seminar papers;

11. emission factors; pollutants emission calculation of for a given technology; calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and potential emission reduction potential;

12. economic aspects of waste energy recovery facilities;

13. presentation of seminar papers;

14. presentation of seminar papers;

15. presentation of seminar papers;

Compulsory literature:

1. Waste-to-Energy: Technologies and Project Implementation, M.J. Rogoff, F. Screve, Elsevier Inc., Oxford, UK, 2011, p. 0-0

2. Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Conversion Processes: Economic, Technical, and Renewable Comparisons, G.C. Young, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2010, p. 0-0

3. Waste to Energy Conversion Technology, N. Klinghoffer, M. Castaldi, Elsevier Inc., Oxford, UK, 2013, p. 0-0

Recommended literature:

4. Utilization of biogas produced by anaerobic digestion of agro-industrial waste: energy, economic and environmental effects, Hublin, A., Schneider, D.R., Džodan, J., Waste Management & Research, 2014, p. 626-633

5. Biofuels from waste, Schneider, D.R., Ragossnig, A, Waste Management & Research, 2013, p. 339-340

6. Impact and Limitations of Recycling, Ragoßnig, A., Schneider, D.R., Waste Management & Research, 2014, p. 563-564